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**砚台的使用与保养技巧**
**一、砚台的使用**
1. 研墨方法：使用砚台时，应先将砚面清理干净，加入适量的清水，然后逐渐加入墨块，用墨碇或墨棒轻轻研磨。注意力度适中，避免过度用力划伤砚面。
2. 蘸墨方式：使用笔蘸墨时，应确保笔尖不触及砚台边缘或底部，以免砚面受损。
3. 保持湿润：砚台应经常保持湿润状态，以防止墨迹干结和砚石龟裂。可以定期在砚池中加入清水或墨水保持湿润。
**二、砚台的保养技巧**
1. 清洁保养：每次使用后应及时清理砚台，避免墨渍残留。清洗时，可以用软布轻轻擦拭砚面，切忌使用硬物刮擦。
2. 避免阳光直射：砚台应存放在阴凉干燥处，避免阳光直射和潮湿环境，以免影响其使用寿命。
3. 避免碰撞：砚台质地坚硬但脆弱，应避免与其他硬物碰撞，以免造成损伤。
4. 定期上蜡：为了保持砚台的光泽和滋润度，可以定期在砚面上涂抹适量的蜡，然后用软布擦拭均匀。
5. 专用盒存放：最好将砚台存放在专用的盒子里，以防止灰尘和杂物的侵入。
**Translation**:
**Techniques for Using and Maintaining Inkstone**
**I. Using the Inkstone**
1. Grinding Method: When using the inkstone, clean the surface first, add an appropriate amount of water, and gradually add the inkstick. Gently grind with a墨碇or inkstick, using a moderate amount of force to avoid scratching the surface of the inkstone.
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2. Method of Dipping Ink: When dipping the brush in the ink, ensure that the tip of the brush does not touch the edges or bottom of the inkstone to prevent damage to the surface.
3. Maintaining Moisture: The inkstone should be kept in a moist state to prevent dry ink marks and cracking of the stone. This can be achieved by regularly adding water or ink to the inkstone basin.
**II. Maintenance Techniques for Inkstone**
1. Cleaning and Maintenance: After each use, clean the inkstone promptly to avoid residue ink stains. When cleaning, gently wipe the surface with a soft cloth and avoid using hard objects to scratch it.
2. Avoiding Direct Sunlight: The inkstone should be stored in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight and damp environments to preserve its lifespan.
3. Avoiding Collision: The inkstone is hard but fragile and should be avoided from being hit by other hard objects to prevent damage.
4. Regular Waxing: To maintain the gloss and moisture level of the inkstone, apply a small amount of wax on its surface regularly and then wipe it evenly with a soft cloth.
5. Storage in a Special Box: It is best to store the inkstone in a dedicated box to prevent dust and debris from entering.